Adjustable Travel Volume (ATV)

ATV allows you to preset the maximum travel of a servo to either side from its neutral position. Such settings help tailor control action to suit your flying or driving style.

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ABC / Non-Ringed

These letters stand for aluminum, brass and chrome or a composite such as nickel. These engines have an aluminum piston and a chrome or composite coated brass cylinder sleeve which allows them to be more efficient for higher performance. They have no piston ring and rely on a very tight piston/cylinder fit to obtain a piston/cylinder seal. New ABC engines are normally hard to turn over by hand. Because of the tight fit, it is very important that the engine is broken in properly.

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Adverse Yaw

The tendency of an airplane to yaw in the opposite direction of the roll. For instance, when right aileron is applied, the airplane yaws to the left, thus opposing the turn. Adverse yaw is common in trainer type airplanes having flat bottom wings. It is most noticeable at slow speeds and high angles of attack, such as during takeoffs and when stretching a landing approach. Caused by the unequal drag of the upward and downward deflection of the ailerons, this undesirable trait can be minimized by setting up the ailerons with Differential Throw or by coordinating the turns, using the aileron and rudder controls simultaneously. (See Differential Throw.)

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ARF Almost Ready to Fly

A prefabricated model - Almost Ready to Fly.
Wiki:

An almost ready to fly (ARF or ARTF) kit is a radio-controlled airplane kit that comes partially built, usually just requiring final assembly to complete. They normally include partially assembled wings, along with a fuselage and stabilizers already pre-covered in plastic film sheeting material such as Ultracote or Monokote. The remaining assembly steps usually include the installation of control linkages and surfaces, and the purchase and installation of an engine or electric propulsion system and radio gear.

Though most require full assembly, many injection molded foam kits such as the Grand Wing Servo-Tech Formosa are considered to be almost ready to fly due to the low parts count.

Depending on the complexity of the model, this can take only an hour or as many as twenty hours to complete.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost_ready_to_fly

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Angle of Attack

The angle that the wing penetrates the air. As the angle of attack increases so does lift and drag, up to a point.

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AMA - The Academy Of Model Aeronautics

The Academy Of Model Aeronautics. The official national body for model aviation in the United States. AMA sanctions more than a thousand model competitions throughout the country each year, and certifies official model flying records on a national and international level.

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Ailerons

 
Hinged control surfaces located on the trailing edge of the wing, one on each side, which provide control of the airplane about the roll axis. The control direction is often confusing to first time modelers. For a right roll or turn, the right hand aileron is moved upward and the left hand aileron downward, and vice versa for a left roll or turn.

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